TECHNICAL NAME OF DIFFERENT TOOLS

FCS provide more than 10  tool kits for a range of high-tech applications, including avionics testing, dent inspection and general maintenance. Tools are sourced from reputable brands, such as BAHCO and SNAP ON, and are forged from highest quality steal for long lasting performance and resistance to extreme weather conditions. Tools included in the kits are wide ranging, for example FCS' BMD Toolbox contains no less than 67 items, each carefully designed for a specific purpose in aviation maintenance, including, but not limited to:

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• Pliers

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• Ratched Screwdriver (Assorted)

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• Screwdriver Flat Blade (Assorted)

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• Hexagon Keys(L key set)

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• Torch LED

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• Cutter


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• Inspection Mirror

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• Double Hexagon Socket Drive (Assorted)

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• Sliding T-Handle

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• Spinner Handle

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• Ratchet, Reversible

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• Combination Spanner (Assorted)

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• Junior Hacksaw

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• Wrench, Adjustable Crawfoot

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• Measuring Tape

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• Toolbox Trolly

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Four Force on an Aircraft

A force may be thought of as a push or pull in a specific direction. A force is a vector quantity so a force has both a magnitude and a direction. When describing forces, we have to specify both the magnitude and the direction. This slide shows the forces that act on an airplane in flight.

Weight

Weight is a force that is always directed toward the center of the earth. The magnitude of the weight depends on the mass of all the airplane parts, plus the amount of fuel, plus any payload on board (people, baggage, freight, etc.). The weight is distributed throughout the airplane. But we can often think of it as collected and acting through a single point called thecenter of gravity. In flight, the airplane rotates about the center of gravity.

Flying encompasses two major problems; overcoming the weight of an object by some opposing force, and controlling the object in flight. Both of these problems are related to the object's weight and the location of the center of gravity. During a flight, an airplane's weight constantly changes as the aircraft consumes fuel. The distribution of the weight and the center of gravity also changes. So the pilot must constantly adjust the controls to keep the airplane balanced, or trimmed.

Lift

To overcome the weight force, airplanes generate an opposing force called lift. Lift is generated by the motion of the airplane through the air and is an aerodynamic force. "Aero" stands for the air, and "dynamic" denotes motion. Lift is directedperpendicular to the flight direction. The magnitude of the lift depends on several factors including the shape, size, andvelocity of the aircraft. As with weight, each part of the aircraft contributes to the aircraft lift force. Most of the lift is generated by the wings. Aircraft lift acts through a single point called the center of pressure. The center of pressure is defined just like the center of gravity, but using the pressure distribution around the body instead of the weight distribution.

The distribution of lift around the aircraft is important for solving the control problem. Aerodynamic surfaces are used to control the aircraft in roll, pitch, and yaw.

Drag

As the airplane moves through the air, there is another aerodynamic force present. The air resists the motion of the aircraft and the resistance force is called drag. Drag is directed along and opposed to the flight direction. Like lift, there are manyfactors that affect the magnitude of the drag force including the shape of the aircraft, the "stickiness" of the air, and thevelocity of the aircraft. Like lift, we collect all of the individual components' drags and combine them into a single aircraft drag magnitude. And like lift, drag acts through the aircraft center of pressure.

Thrust

To overcome drag, airplanes use a propulsion system to generate a force called thrust. The direction of the thrust force depends on how the engines are attached to the aircraft. In the figure shown above, two turbine engines are located under the wings, parallel to the body, with thrust acting along the body centerline. On some aircraft, such as the Harrier, the thrust direction can be varied to help the airplane take off in a very short distance. The magnitude of the thrust depends on many factors associated with the propulsion system including the type of engine, the number of engines, and the throttle setting.

For jet engines, it is often confusing to remember that aircraft thrust is a reaction to the hot gas rushing out of the nozzle. The hot gas goes out the back, but the thrust pushes towards the front. Action <--> reaction is explained by Newton's Third Law of Motion.

The motion of the airplane through the air depends on the relative strength and direction of the forces shown above. If the forces are balanced, the aircraft cruises at constant velocity. If the forces are unbalanced, the aircraft accelerates in the direction of the largest force.

Note that the job of the engine is just to overcome the drag of the airplane, not to lift the airplane. A 1 million pound airliner has 4 engines that produce a grand total of 200,000 of thrust. The wings are doing the lifting, not the engines. In fact, there are some aircraft, called gliders that have no engines at all, but fly just fine. Some external source of power has to be applied to initiate the motion necessary for the wings to produce lift. But during flight, the weight is opposed by both lift and drag. Paper airplanes are the most obvious example, but there are many kinds of gliders. Some gliders are piloted and are towed aloft by a powered aircraft, then cut free to glide for long distances before landing. During reentry and landing, the Space Shuttle is a glider; the rocket engines are used only to loft the Shuttle into space.

You can view a short movie of "Orville and Wilbur Wright" explaining how the four forces of weight, lift, drag and thrust affected the flight of their aircraft. The movie file can be saved to your computer and viewed as a Podcast on your podcast player.

Our Aim

Our Aim is to provide help to new comer’s technician and engineering to achieve their goals in the field of aviation. These notes are really help full for all those new comers and old engineers. 

what is ATITA MANUAL

ATITA MANUAL is basic Aircraft Maintenance Notes that provide help to trainee aircraft technician and engineer to achieve their goals. ATITA MANUAL contains basic knowledge of aircraft engineering both aerospace and avionics and provides sound knowledge of aircraft construction and maintenance.